Women may face nearly twice the genetic risk of developing depression compared to men, according to new research led by Australia’s Berghofer Medical Research Institute.
The large-scale study, described as one of the biggest of its kind, analyzed DNA samples from almost 200,000 people diagnosed with depression. Researchers discovered around 13,000 genetic markers linked to the disorder in women—almost double the 7,000 found in men.
“The genetic component to depression is larger in females compared to males,” said researcher Jodi Thomas. She explained that examining both shared and sex-specific genetic factors “gives us a clearer picture of what causes depression—and opens the door to more personalized treatments.”
The findings suggest that biological differences, such as those affecting metabolism and hormone production, may play a crucial role. “We found some genetic differences that may help explain why females with depression more often experience metabolic symptoms, such as weight changes or altered energy levels,” Thomas added.
Fellow researcher Brittany Mitchell noted that these insights could reshape how depression is approached in women. “Until now, there hasn’t been much consistent research to explain why depression affects females and males differently, including the possible role of genetics,” she said.
The study, published in Nature Communications, highlights that most past medical research and drug development have been based predominantly on male participants—leaving crucial gaps in understanding how depression manifests in women.
Clinical depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
