Recent reports and social media discussions have drawn attention to human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a relatively unfamiliar respiratory virus in China. Although some have speculated about a significant outbreak, health officials have yet to confirm these claims.
Data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) suggests that rates of several flu-like illnesses, including influenza, are increasing. As of late December 2024, influenza accounts for 30.2% of respiratory illness tests, a notable rise from the previous week. Severe respiratory hospitalizations also show a high proportion linked to influenza.
However, HMPV has emerged as a noteworthy contributor to respiratory illnesses. It is responsible for 6.2% of positive respiratory tests and 5.4% of hospitalizations for respiratory conditions, placing it ahead of other illnesses such as COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenovirus.
What is HMPV?
First identified in 2001, HMPV belongs to the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and causes flu-like symptoms in people of all ages. Those most vulnerable include young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms often include fever, cough, congestion, and, in severe cases, shortness of breath, which can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia.
Transmission and prevention
HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets, close human contact, and touching contaminated surfaces before touching the face. Preventive measures, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and staying home when unwell, are similar to those recommended for influenza and RSV.
Current understanding of the virus
HMPV typically circulates seasonally, with its peak in late winter and spring in the U.S. Although awareness of HMPV has increased due to more advanced diagnostic tools, no specific treatment or vaccine is currently available. Experts recommend managing the illness like the flu, allowing the body to recover naturally while staying hydrated and resting.
Outlook on the situation in China
While HMPV is gaining attention, experts emphasize that it is not a new virus and already exists in global populations, including in China. The possibility of a pandemic remains unclear due to limited reliable data on the current outbreak’s scope and severity. However, as HMPV has been circulating for years, populations may already have some level of immunity, reducing the likelihood of it becoming as disruptive as COVID-19 was at its onset.
For now, health officials advise vigilance and adherence to basic hygiene practices to minimize the spread of respiratory illnesses.
